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天有时

3/15/2016

天有时,地有财,能与人共之者,仁也。仁之所在,天下归之。免人之死、解人之难、救人之患、济人之急者,德也。德之所在,天下归之。与人同忧同乐、同好同恶者,义也。义之所在,天下归之。能生利者,道也。道之所在,天下归之。

--《群书治要》卷三十一:“六韬” (作者 姜子牙)

Heaven Possesses Seasons

东山译

Heaven possesses seasons, the earth is abundant in all kinds of resources. Sharing all the wealth of nature with everyone is benevolence. People will pledge their allegiance happily to the ruler of benevolence. Sparing people from death, alleviating people's hardships , rescuing them from calamities, and helping those in need, are acts of virtue. People will offer their full support to the ruler who practise virtues. Going through thick and thin with the people, sharing their likes and dislikes, are acts of righteousness. People will commit their devotion to the ruler of righteousness. Working for the benefits of the people is the right way of ruling. People will lay their loyalty upon the ruler who follows the correct approach of governing.

-- 《Essences of Myriad Books》, Vol. 31: “The Six Strategies of Ruling” by Jiang Ziya

【作者简介】作者:呂尚,姜姓,(約前1156年或前1128年9月29日—約前1016年12月6日)呂氏,名尚,一说名望,字尚父,一说字子牙,也稱「姜太公」、「姜子牙」、「太公望」、「吕望」、「尚父」、「师尚父」。呂尚,殷商末年東海(今山东省莒县东吕乡)人,周文王拜姜尚為师。周文王曾對呂尚說:「自吾先君太公曰'当有圣人適周,周以兴'。子真是邪?吾太公望子久矣。」,故後人尊稱呂尚為姜太公、太公望。周文王死后,周武王仍以呂尚为师,在公元前1046年率兵大敗商軍於牧野。《诗经·大雅·大明》中赞此事:"牧野洋洋,檀车煌煌,驷騵彭彭。维师尚父,时维鹰扬。凉彼武王,肆伐大商。会朝清明。"因輔佐武王克殷有功,同时为了讨伐东夷,呂尚被分封於齊(現今山東),是齊國的始祖。 十六國時期,呂光以姜尚為祖先,加上廟號始祖。

《群书治要》(以下简称《治要》)是我国古代治政书籍的选辑。唐初著名谏官魏征及虞世南、褚亮等在贞观初年受命于唐太宗李世民(599年-649年),以辑录前人著述作谏书,为唐太宗"偃武修文"、"治国安邦",创建"贞观之治"提供警示的匡政巨著。《治要》取材于六经、四史、诸子百家,"上始五帝,下迄晋年",以"务乎政术,存乎劝戒"为宗旨,从一万四千多部、八万九千多卷古籍中"采摭群书,剪截淫放",呕心沥血数年,于贞观五年(631年)编辑成书,计六十五部约五十余万言。 《群书治要》的特点,一言以蔽之,曰"博而要"。魏徵等人博采经、史、子典籍六十五种,又以"务乎政术"、"本乎治要"为原则,删其繁芜,择其精粹,浓缩成五十卷的珍本。魏徵乃经国之大器,兼具高尚之道德与卓越的史识,这更使得《群书治要》成为一部"用之当今,足以鉴览前古;传之来叶,可以贻厥孙谋"的经典之作。

(原载《海外南开人》103期,3/21/2016)


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